Pharyngitis is an inflammatory process that forms on the back wall of the larynx and affects the mucous membrane, as well as deeper layers, tissues of the soft palate and lymph nodes. The acute form of pharyngitis can develop into chronic if the patient does not seek help from a doctor and self-medicates.
Since the pathological process in the larynx is caused by the spread of pathogenic bacteria, the risk of developing pharyngitis increases in people with a weak immune system and in those who suffer from ENT diseases or are predisposed to them.
How dangerous is pharyngitis and how does it manifest itself? Which doctor should I contact and how to treat the disease? We will answer these and other questions in this article.
Reasons for the development of pharyngitis
Experts believe that the peak development of pathology occurs at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, since at this time the human immune system is especially susceptible to colds. Often in the spring season, a lack of vitamins and microelements in the human body leads to the appearance of vitamin deficiency, the body weakens and creates an excellent environment for the development of pathogenic bacteria. Inflammatory processes are also possible: both separately and against the background of the underlying disease.
The first signs of pharyngitis and its further treatment may differ depending on the stage of the pathology, gender, age and general health of the patient.
We include the following as the main reasons for the development of pharyngolaryngitis:
- hypothermia, eating too cold foods;
- deformation of the nasal septum;
- strains of microorganisms that cause the development of chlamydia, candidiasis, whooping cough, scarlet fever, measles;
- adenovirus, influenza virus;
- streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci;
- sinusitis, tonsillitis, caries, rhinitis;
- difficulty breathing through the nose;
- pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract: reflux, heartburn, hernia;
- abuse of bad habits;
- regular high loads on the vocal cords;
- polluted, toxic air;
- hormonal disorders and endocrine pathologies (diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, etc.);
- tonsillectomy, which was performed on the patient previously;
- infectious diseases in chronic form;
- weakened immunity.
Dangerous infections
Diseases in this category are characterized by an acute course.
Excessive salivation is one of the few symptoms accompanying the pathology.
Worm infestations
A large accumulation of parasites in the intestines of an animal leads to poisoning of the body and disruption of the digestive system.
Feline viral leukemia
Causes of occurrence: when the membranes of the digestive and respiratory organs become inflamed, retroviruses suppress the cat’s immune system, which leads to the development of stomatitis, gingivitis, lymphadenitis, resistant to therapy, and neoplasms appear.
This disease is similar to cancer, is a viral form of leukemia, and is often fatal.
Rabies
Dangerous viral disease of animals. The causative agent is the Rabies virus. It affects the cat's nervous system, leading to inflammation of the spinal cord and brain.
The sick animal is isolated from the household. The disease cannot be treated and is fatal.
Associated symptoms:
severe drooling;- inappropriate behavior;
- convulsions;
- rabies;
- voice change;
- paralysis leading to changes in gait.
With rabies, a cat may eat inedible objects; it is irritated by water and its murmuring.
Aujeszky's disease
This is a viral infection that an animal becomes infected with by eating raw pork. With pseudorabies, the nervous system is affected, encephalitis develops, and pathological salivation begins.
Symptoms of pharyngitis
The first signs of the disease may differ depending on the type of pharyngitis. They are both local and general in nature. But there are common signs that are characteristic of any type of pharyngitis: sore throat, bad breath, stuffy ears and difficulty swallowing. With an active inflammatory process, an increase in body temperature above 38° can be observed - this is how the body fights a foreign infection. General signs: sweating, poor appetite, weakness, dizziness, fatigue, fever, chills. Some complain of pain and noise in the ears, and discomfort when exposed to loud sounds.
- During acute catarrhal pharyngitis, swelling and redness of the mucous membranes of the larynx appears. Also, red follicles may form on the back wall of the throat, and clear and slightly cloudy mucus may accumulate. There is swelling and redness of the tongue.
- In the purulent form of acute pharyngitis, ulcers with an accumulation of purulent masses appear on the surface of the posterior pharyngeal wall.
Prevention of hypersalivation
As measures to prevent hypersalivation, one should consider preventing the conditions that cause it:
- feeding the cat high-quality food that does not contain sharp bones and other ingredients that can injure the salivary gland, as well as raw pig meat;
- accustoming a cat from an early age to regular oral hygiene, which includes examining it, brushing its teeth and tongue;
One of the important preventive measures is oral hygiene.
- storing household chemicals, medicines, and other toxic substances in a place away from the cat;
- preventing the licking of preparations for protection against fleas and ticks from the cat’s fur (to do this, they are applied to places inaccessible for licking, most often the animal’s withers);
- preventing your cat from eating indoor plants;
- conducting annual rabies immunoprophylaxis;
- Regular (once a quarter) treatment of cats for worms;
- combing a long-haired cat, feeding it Maltpaste during the molting period;
Maltpaste helps remove hairballs from the cat's digestive tract
- regular preventive veterinary examinations;
- Pay close attention to your pet in order to notice the earliest signs of the disease in time.
If your cat begins to drool, put on rubber gloves, restrain the cat to prevent scratching, and carefully inspect the mouth. It is more convenient to carry out the inspection with an assistant and in good lighting. You can use a flashlight (Captain Obvious).
We carefully examine the mouth, tongue, look under the tongue, teeth. Purpose of search: ulcers, swelling, blackened tooth, stones, foreign object. It is clear that even if you find an ulcer or caries, you will not help the cat on your own, but you will know in which direction to move.
veterinarian Sergey Savchenko
vetdoc.in.ua/pochemu-u-koshki-tekut-slyuni-izo-rta-chastye-prichiny.htm
If drooling persists throughout the day, I recommend going to the clinic for an examination.
Veterinarian Evgenia Valerievna Galenko
https://www.zoovet.ru/forum/?tid=7&tem=358877
Acute pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis can occur independently, and can also be accompanied by acute inflammation affecting the upper respiratory tract: rhinitis or inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx.
Depending on the cause of development, acute pharyngitis occurs:
- Viral – most often caused by rhinovirus;
- Bacterial – caused by streptococci, staphylococci and pneumococci;
- Fungal – source of the inflammatory process – Candida;
- Traumatic - caused by damage to the pharynx and larynx: the throat was scratched by a sharp bone or burned by boiling water, severe stress on the ligaments;
- Allergic – occurs when inhaling allergens or irritants, such as tobacco, exhaust fumes or dusty air.
The cat is drooling: 7 physiological reasons
The development of hypersalivation is influenced by a number of factors. Certain brain centers are responsible for the functioning of the exocrine glands.
When the diet and living conditions change, the animal’s body tries to adapt to innovations. In certain situations not caused by a pathological agent, the brain gives a command to the glands to increase secretion production.
Physiological factors:
- Excessive affection. There are many nerve hairs on a cat's body. With a gentle touch, the animal receives pleasure and certain hormones are produced. Their excess activates the work of the exocrine glands. Increased affection is normal during puberty, estrus, and pregnancy.
- Before and after meals. Salivation ensures the dissolution and absorption of food products. When the smell of food or the rustling of food is heard, a reflex is triggered - the body prepares to consume and digest food. While chewing pieces of food, it irritates the nerve receptors in the mouth. To improve the processing process, the glands more actively produce secretions.
- Accumulation of hair in the digestive tract. Cats lick themselves to prevent their prey (mice) from smelling them. When shedding, more hair is combed out, and the evacuation of villi from the stomach worsens. Abundant discharge from the mouth helps to better cleanse the digestive organs.
- Stressful situations. A change of habitat (a trip to the country), the appearance of other pets, a trip to the veterinary clinic, castration have a bad effect on the psyche, disrupting the well-coordinated functioning of the body.
- Teeth growth. In small kittens, when changing teeth, the gums become inflamed and the mucous membranes become irritated.
- Reaction to medications. Owners periodically vaccinate or give medications to prevent, for example, helminthiases. Ptyalism is a reaction to the chemical components of drugs.
- Motion sickness. The animal does not tolerate travel well; constant shaking causes nausea.
Physiological causes will quickly resolve on their own and do not threaten serious consequences. The pet gets used to the new environment, calms down, teeth growth and puberty stop. The main therapeutic agent is time.
Chronic pharyngitis
According to the depth of damage to the pharyngeal mucosa, chronic pharyngitis is divided into: catarrhal, hypertrophic and atrophic forms.
- Chronic catarrhal pharyngitis - there is slight swelling of the tissue layers of the pharyngeal mucosa. Individual areas are sometimes covered with clear or slightly cloudy mucus. It develops as a result of acidic gastric contents entering the throat, for example, in the case of a hiatal hernia. Therefore, catarrhal chronic pharyngitis is a consequence of the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis is a significant severity of swelling of the mucous membrane. Additionally, thickening of the uvula and swelling of the soft palate are observed.
- Chronic atrophic pharyngitis is characterized by some thinning of the lining of the pharynx. They are usually pale pink, sometimes shiny varnished. Some of their areas become covered with crusts, viscous mucus and pus.
Any type of chronic pharyngitis develops due to the fact that the acute form of the disease was not cured in time and developed into a more serious form. Chronic pharyngitis also appears as a consequence of rhinitis, sinusitis, deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps - that is, when nasal breathing is difficult for a long time. In addition, long-term use of vasoconstrictor drops also leads to the appearance of chronic pharyngitis.
Conditions for which increased salivation is normal
There are situations in which increased salivation is a physiological norm:
- in temperamental cats, drooling can be caused by communication with their beloved owner, for example, in Sphynxes;
- when expecting food, as well as from its sight and smell;
- under stress - and its source may not be obvious to the owner (the appearance of a new person or animal in the environment, a change in the environment, a visit to the veterinary clinic), while the cat will nervously lick itself, over time, as the cat gets used to the changes, drooling goes away;
- if a cat takes tablet medications, their bitter taste and unpleasant aftertaste can increase saliva production;
- when foreign bodies or large pieces of food get stuck in the cat’s mouth, the cat may become restless and try to help itself with its paws;
- during teething in growing cats in the period from 3 to 6 months;
Hypersalivation during the period of teeth change in kittens is considered normal.
- when irritating substances enter the mouth, which may include plant leaves and insects eaten by a playing cat;
- when motion sickness occurs in transport.
Video: causes of drooling in cats
How does pharyngitis manifest and progress in children?
Children suffer from pharyngitis more severely than adults. This especially applies to babies under one year old. Swelling of the mucous membrane can cause signs of suffocation; the pain that accompanies the disease reduces the child’s appetite. Often, a baby’s body temperature can reach 40°. The most difficult thing in this situation is that a small child cannot say what hurts.
Incorrect treatment can lead to irreparable consequences for a small, fragile organism. Therefore, at the first signs of pharyngitis, consult a doctor immediately.
Should I be concerned if my cat is drooling?
Increased salivation is an abnormal physiological process that indicates changes in the animal’s body. Ptyalism can be a reaction to a change in food or temperature.
Gradually the pet gets used to it and the glands begin to function normally. You should be concerned if the predator is sick.
Additional symptoms indicate the presence of pathology:
- A runny nose and sneezing are added to the discharge from the mouth. The temperature may rise. The condition is characteristic of viral diseases.
- The appearance of crusts in the corners of the eyes is a sign of infection.
- Anxiety, the cat constantly rubs its face. If an animal constantly touches its mouth with its paw, a small bone may have gotten into the gums.
- Problems with the sense of smell: does not immediately detect the smell of treats. The symptom often accompanies allergies to pollen and medications.
- Decreased appetite, sniffs but does not eat food. The cause of the condition is poisoning.
Behavior also changes, the playful kitten suddenly becomes apathetic. An affectionate animal turns into an aggressive beast.
This behavior is typical of rabies. If any abnormal symptoms occur, the animal is taken to the doctor. Timely treatment will help avoid complications.
Be sure to read:
Third eyelid in a cat: causes, treatment at home, when no intervention is required
Sore throat and pharyngitis: what is the difference?
The general condition of the patient with acute tonsillitis or tonsillitis can be confused with the symptoms of pharyngitis. If the disease is diagnosed incorrectly, then treatment of pharyngitis in adults will not have any effect. And the acute form of the pathology can develop into a chronic one.
Unfortunately, many patients self-medicate and start using medications without a doctor’s specific prescription. This is extremely contraindicated! It is better to take care of your health in time and seek help from an experienced otolaryngologist.
It is important to remember that during pharyngitis, the larynx becomes inflamed, and during tonsillitis, the tonsils become inflamed. During a sore throat, it is always painful to swallow, and the pain intensifies even more when eating food. With pharyngitis, the opposite happens - while eating warm food or warm drinks, the sore throat decreases.
During the development of a sore throat, there is no cough or sore throat, only a sore throat and sometimes the formation of a white coating. With pharyngitis, there is a sore throat, as well as noise, pain, or congestion in the ears. The difficulty in distinguishing between these two diseases is further complicated by the fact that one patient can simultaneously develop both pathologies, since they are caused by the same pathogen.
Manifestations of drooling in cats
Hypersalivation (ptialism) - increased production of saliva. In cats, it can occur both for physiological reasons, which do not pose a danger and do not require the intervention of a veterinarian, or indicate the development of a pathological condition. The latter may be non-contagious - not posing a threat to the health of surrounding people and animals, but it may also pose a danger.
Increased salivation can be expressed in the following symptoms:
- saliva flows from the cat's mouth and drips onto the floor;
- the cat's chin and paws become wet with saliva;
- the cat constantly swallows saliva;
- the cat rubs its face against various objects;
- the cat begins to wash itself frequently and lick its fur;
- “icicles” appear on the fur due to the gluing of hairs with saliva;
- wet spots remain where the cat was recently;
- The tongue falls out of the mouth.
A cat's drooling can vary in intensity.
Diagnosis of pharyngitis
Detection of all types of pharyngitis begins with a visual examination of the larynx using a special device and taking an anamnesis. A throat swab is also taken for examination to test for diphtheria.
Other types of diagnostics:
- Cultural examination - inoculation of taken materials on a nutrient medium.
- Rapid diagnosis - identification of streptococcal antigen in throat swabs.
- Immunoserological diagnosis - the method is used in case of streptococcal infection.
Laboratory research:
- Complete blood count – exclusion of blood diseases, infectious mononucleosis;
- A general urine test helps rule out kidney disease (glomerulonephritis).
Depending on the symptoms of the disease, as well as the condition of the larynx, the presence or absence of cough, fever, plaque on the tonsils and soreness and increased size of the lymph nodes, additional consultations with other specialists may be necessary: an endocrinologist, a cardiologist, an allergist.
The cat is drooling: 5 causes of pathology
Uncharacteristic behavior for a predator and certain symptoms indicate illness. There are many pathological processes with signs of hypersalivation.
The most common ones include:
- Poisoning. Intoxication is caused by stale foods, especially milk, fish, and water. During the summer, the water bowl must be washed every time. A predator can eat a poisonous insect or plant. Cosmetics and household chemicals have a toxic effect.
- Allergy. The immune reaction is caused by dust, hair from other pets, synthetic bedding fibers, and litter for toilets. In addition to hypersalivation, the animal experiences lacrimation, sneezing, and focal baldness.
- Infectious diseases. The list is quite wide, from calcivirosis to viral immunodeficiency. The disease is accompanied by many severe manifestations: bloody and purulent discharge, erosion, fever, rapid exhaustion. Self-medication can kill your pet.
- Oncology. The most common cancer is breast cancer, usually diagnosed in unsterilized cats. Malignant tumors are accompanied by severe pain and dysfunction of most systems. Ptyalism is observed in squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
- Rabies is a serious disease that affects the nervous system. It occurs in one of three forms: violent, quiet, atypical. In any case, the main symptom is hypersalivation. An effective method of combating pathology is vaccination.
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Otitis in cats: symptoms and treatment, description, treatment with medications and folk remedies
Treatment must be prescribed and supervised by a veterinarian.
Treatment methods for pharyngitis
Treatment must be comprehensive. The patient is prescribed medications that will relieve pain and reduce inflammation. It is also important to adhere to a special diet and exclude from the diet foods that irritate the mucous membrane of the throat and bring even more discomfort: alcoholic beverages, spicy and salty foods, sour foods, carbonated drinks.
Drug therapy
Depending on the clinical picture and general condition of the patient, the doctor may prescribe antihistamines, antitussives and antiviral medications. Lozenges/lozenges are used to relieve pain.
In some cases, they resort to the use of antibiotics. They can only be taken as directed by a doctor.
Local impact
Rinsing with special solutions also has a good effect on the inflammatory process and redness of the larynx. They have a gentle effect, relieve pain and improve the general condition of the patient.
To diagnose and identify the disease, you need to consult an otolaryngologist. At the city clinic, you can contact your primary care physician, who will issue a referral to an ENT specialist. However, this takes time. You often have to wait 2 weeks for an appointment with a doctor. In some cases, this is simply impossible, since it is necessary to quickly conduct an examination and prescribe treatment before the situation becomes critical.
Therefore, we recommend contacting the Medunion medical clinic. We employ practicing otolaryngologists, and you don’t have to wait several weeks for appointments. Sign up today for a time convenient for you, and get tested tomorrow.
Patients choose us because we provide the service of a specialist coming to your home if you cannot come to the clinic on your own. You can also take samples directly at home.
The cost of an initial consultation with an otolaryngologist in Krasnoyarsk at the Medunion clinic starts from 1,300 rubles. You can sign up on the website or by calling 201-03-03.
Causes not related to illness
The causes of increased salivation in a cat are not related to breed. Hypersalivation occurs not only in purebred pets, but also in mixed breeds. In most cases, it is explained by physiology and does not require treatment.
Taking a bitter medicine or licking a chemical substance
When taking bitters orally, an unpleasant taste occurs in the mouth, accompanied by slight numbness. In an attempt to get rid of bitterness, the salivary glands begin to work in enhanced mode. The amount of fluid released and the duration of its flow are individual. On average, the process takes no more than 20 minutes. With long-term use of medications, hypersalivation occurs not only after swallowing the substance, but also shortly before.
It is better to avoid licking chemicals. In this case, excessive salivation is the most favorable outcome. Frequent contact with household chemicals or other hazardous substances can result in serious intoxication.
If your pet licks a package of toilet cleaner right in front of your eyes, then most likely nothing will happen to him. To be safe, watch him for a while and be sure to hide the chemical away from his eyes and agile paws.
Motion sickness while traveling
Animals, like people, are not immune to motion sickness in transport. In addition to increased salivation, nausea and vomiting may occur during the trip. All of the above symptoms disappear on their own at the end of the trip.
Anesthesia
The work of the salivary glands slows down during natural sleep and similar conditions caused artificially. Soon after waking up from anesthesia, the animal experiences increased production of saliva. After replenishing the required volume of fluid, the work of the glands returns to their usual rhythm.
Great hunger
If a cat drools regularly, then the reason for this phenomenon is quite simple. When feeding hourly, the animal's biological clock signals that food is about to be taken. The feeling of hunger intensifies, and a thin stream of saliva appears from the mouth.
Try to avoid taking too long breaks, as real hunger stimulates the production of gastric juice. Due to increased acidity, your pet may develop erosion or ulcers.
Excess of affection
Hypersalivation is typical for affectionate pets that “melt” under the owner’s stroking. When reaching maximum pleasure, they not only purr loudly, but also drool. Most often, this feature is found in sphinxes and orientals.
Foreign object in teeth
The cause of excessive salivation in a cat may be a foreign object stuck in the teeth. If your pet constantly licks itself, carefully examine its oral cavity. In the absence of an abscess and inflammation, a stuck bone, piece of food or other foreign object can be removed with ordinary tweezers.
If there is a decrease in appetite, frequent coughing or vomiting, it is better to consult a veterinarian. The appearance of blood, the main symptom of internal damage, is especially dangerous. Surgery may be required to save the cat.
Old age
With age, bones become more fragile. First of all, this affects the teeth. They wear out and fall out faster. Because of this, the gums are more vulnerable and are often affected by pathogens. To prevent the inflammatory process, the salivary glands begin to work in enhanced mode.
Cats over 12 years old often suffer from caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease. To maintain the health of their teeth, it is necessary to regularly maintain oral hygiene and undergo a preventive examination at the veterinary clinic at least 2 times a year.
The cat is drooling, clear as drops of water: what is he talking about?
Regardless of the etiology, ptyalism in the initial stages is characterized by colorless, light discharge. The exception is rabies, which produces foam.
Breeders try to diversify the diet as much as possible so that the furry friend receives all the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. An unpleasant manifestation can be caused by a bone getting stuck in the gum or palate.
Trauma to the oral mucosa may also be the cause. When a foreign body is stuck or injured, the predator eats only on one side. Tries to remove the irritating bone with his paw.
If your jaw is dislocated, it is difficult for your pet to eat and drink. He makes hysterical sounds and sticks his tongue out to one side. Similar manifestations are observed with stinging insect bites. It is necessary to remove the poisonous sting (if any) and give an antihistamine to prevent swelling of the larynx.
Animals are often taken to the sea. Apartment cats, not accustomed to the scorching sun, receive the gift of heat.
Young kittens are active and playful. The etiological factor of hypersalivation can be a concussion as a result of a blow from a fall from a height.
Diseases that cause saliva flow and their treatment
Once the cause of ptyalism has been determined and a diagnosis has been made, your veterinarian will check your pet's health regularly to ensure that treatment is effective. Thus, if a cat is drooling, only an experienced doctor can help. Hypersalivation or increased salivation in cat breeds can be caused by natural causes. But it is better to monitor the well-being of your pet so as not to miss a serious illness.
Most often, hypersalivation in cats is determined by the following signs;
- washing occurs very often;
- wet wool;
- the cat often sticks out its tongue;
- wet fur under the neck, chin and chest;
- wet mat;
- The pet constantly rubs against legs or objects.
If your cat's eyes are watery and drooling, it may come out of the mouth in the form of drops, water, or foam. If hypersalivation changes the cat's behavior, we can talk about the presence of a disease.
Calcivirosis and rhinotracheitis
To understand why your cat is wet around his mouth, it is worth checking his respiratory system. First of all, such diseases include calcivirosis and rhinotracheitis. After infection enters the body, the cat becomes weak and lethargic. She also develops a fever and has mucous discharge from her nose and eyes. Sores appear in the mouth. For such diseases, veterinarians may prescribe antiviral medications. Sometimes a drip with salt solutions is prescribed.
Leukemia
If your cat's mouth is wet, you should definitely check for viral leukemia. This severe pathology leads to disruption of the hematopoiesis process, a decrease in immunity and the animal’s susceptibility to various infections. Lymph nodes also often become enlarged, stomatitis and drooling appear.
In complex cases, malignant tumors and severe anemia develop. Since viral leukemia cannot be cured completely, therapeutic procedures can only alleviate the pet’s condition and prolong its life. He is prescribed antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs for a long time.
Rabies
When your cat is wet around his mouth, you should check him for rabies. This disease is the most dangerous cause of feline hypersalivation for humans. It leads the individual to death. The disease is caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system. If saliva gets into the bloodstream, the cat can easily become infected.
A pet with this disease becomes very affectionate or too aggressive. Then frothy saliva begins to flow from the mouth. The pet cannot swallow water because it begins to experience pharyngeal paralysis. Also, he will not be able to tolerate even light winds or loud noises. At a late stage of the disease, convulsions and paralysis appear, so the individual dies. Since rabies is incurable, death in this case is inevitable. At the same time, a sick cat is dangerous to others. In these cases, veterinarians recommend euthanizing her.
Intoxication
Often ptyalism in a cat is associated with intoxication, which produces a large amount of saliva. This is how the animal tries to get rid of toxic substances. Intoxication may be associated with low-quality feed or spoiled food. If an animal eats indoor plants that are recognized as toxic, or ingests detergents or medications, its signs may also appear.
Symptoms of intoxication are as follows:
- vomiting after eating;
- leakage of liquid saliva;
- meowing, and very plaintive;
- dilated pupils;
- lethargy;
- convulsions.
When a cat starts drooling, you need to urgently take the animal to a veterinary hospital. The doctor will prescribe the administration of special solutions using a dropper. As a result, you can quickly remove all toxins from the body and relieve the symptoms of poisoning. After this treatment, hypersalivation completely stops.
Internal diseases of organs
Sometimes a cat's drooling occurs as a result of internal diseases, for example, chronic digestive diseases. This symptom may indicate the following pathologies:
- stomach ulcer;
- the appearance of a hernia;
- tumor processes in the esophagus.
These diseases cause vomiting, excessive drooling, diarrhea and constipation. There is also pain inside the abdominal cavity, which can be easily checked by touching the stomach of a sick animal. He simply won't allow it. It also constantly makes sounds of a plaintive nature. With the development of pathology in the esophagus, difficulties may arise when swallowing food.
Preventive measures
- Compliance with schedules of preventive vaccinations and antiparasitic treatments.
- Maintain hygiene: regular brushing of teeth, examination of the oral cavity.
- Keep household chemicals out of reach of the cat. When using acids, aerosols, varnishes and paints, isolate the animal from their effects.
- Protect your cat from stressful situations.
- Provide your pet with a balanced diet.
- Provide the animal with free access to clean and fresh water.
- Do not grow plants that are poisonous to cats in the house.