Castration of a cat at home: preparing the pet and premises, carrying out the procedure

By purchasing a small, beautiful kitten for family comfort and with the goal of instilling kindness and responsibility in our children and grandchildren, we eventually get an adult cat. Having become an adult, a cat, like any adult animal, begins to show its natural instincts, including those of the reproductive system. Transforming from a carefree playful kitten into a capricious cat, which, during sexual heat, stops listening to you, refuses food and seeks to escape from home in any way. Having run away from home and fulfilled your sexual instinct, often with a stray cat, after a few months he “gifts” you with a bunch of kittens, which for the most part you do not need, and you have a new headache, what about these brought, as people say in do "hem" with kittens. To prevent all this and do it in the most humane way, it is necessary to promptly sterilize your cat.

So, what is sterilization in a cat? Sterilization is the restriction of the function of the genital organs or the removal of reproductive organs. The goal is to deprive the cat of the ability to reproduce and adapt it to life with the owner.

What methods are there to sterilize a cat?

Today in veterinary medicine there are several methods of sterilizing cats.

1. Ovariohysterectomy - this operation involves removing the cat's uterus and ovaries, through an incision along the linea alba or through a small incision on the side. This method is the simplest and is used by veterinary specialists in most clinics. By using this method, we completely eliminate the occurrence of future diseases of the uterus and ovaries in the cat.
2. Ovariectomy - surgery to remove the ovary. After the operation, the cat loses the ability to reproduce and goes into estrus. The disadvantage of this operation is that the cat may subsequently develop diseases of the uterus (pyometra) and mammary gland tumors.
3. Laparoscopy - this operation consists of removing the uterus and ovaries through a small puncture in the abdominal cavity. The operation is available in large veterinary clinics, because... the progress of the operation is monitored via a monitor.
4. Tubal occlusion - an operation associated with ligation of the fallopian tubes, as a result of which the cat’s sperm cannot enter the cat’s uterine cavity.
5. Medical sterilization involves temporarily suppressing sexual function through the use of special medications. Depending on the type of drug, the period of sexual “hunting” in a cat can be delayed by several weeks or months. The disadvantage of this method is that the risk of pyometra, mammary and ovarian tumors increases in the cat.
6. Radiation or chemical - by irradiating the cat's ovarian area. This method is considered relatively safe, but at the same time there is a risk of irradiating other cells and developing cysts and tumors of other internal organs.

Today, the most common and safest method in veterinary clinics is the surgical method of sterilization.

Castration (orchidectomy) of a cat

• a preliminary medical examination is performed, with special attention to the heart rate and general condition of the body;
• preliminary injection to easily calm the animal;
• general anesthetic;
• preparation of the surgical site (plucking, sterilization with antiseptic);
• incision along the midline of the scrotum;
• the testicle is pushed out through the incision;
• the vascular network connecting the testicles to the body is clamped, ligated, the testicle is excised, the tissue is moved into the body;
• the subcutaneous layer closes;
• the incision is treated with medical glue;

Typically, the skin incisions for castration are so small that stitches are not required. But if, after all, the skin is closed with sutures, they will need to be removed after 7-10 days.

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Benefits of cat sterilization

Sterilization has economic, preventive and therapeutic purposes and is often associated with the fact that the cat owner often does not have the opportunity, and sometimes even the desire, to raise kittens from his cat.

The behavior of an unsterilized cat during heat (estrus) is accompanied by aggressiveness; the cat becomes restless, unkempt, constantly howls and screams, calling for the cat, and takes measures to run away from the house in search of the cat. And having run away from home, he mates with any stray cat he comes across, who often suffer from various infectious diseases.

After sterilization, your cat becomes more obedient, and sterilization usually does not have any effect on its temperament.

Cat owners should keep in mind that sterilization carried out at an early age will not only save your cat from numerous diseases of the uterus and ovaries, but will also save you from future inconveniences that owners of an unsterilized cat experience.

Summarize:

• a sterilized cat will be less distracted by its sexual instincts and will devote more time to you and your family members;
• a sterilized cat is less likely to wander and get injured while searching for its partner;
• has a lower risk of cancer and pyometra, diseases that most often affect unsterilized cats;
• Considering that during the period of heat, a cat can defecate in inappropriate places, thereby damaging carpets and furniture. With sterilization you will get rid of this;
• You will be freed from the financial and spiritual costs associated with treating a pregnant cat, as well as illnesses when feeding your kittens. All this costs a lot of money, caring for growing kittens due to the fact that you will have to monitor their feeding, vaccination, fight worms, and also deal with the issues of selling them in good hands.

Why is this needed? Pros. Cons and contraindications

Sterilization of felines is resorted to in order to stop or suspend reproductive function. The production of male hormones stops and, as a result:

• the cat stops screaming at night;
• aggressive behavior is replaced by affectionate behavior;
• The problem of territory marks and unpleasant smell in the apartment is solved.
• Veterinarians note other positive aspects of surgical intervention:
• the life expectancy of a neutered furry friend is 1.5-2 years longer;
• the search for the cat ends;
• exclusion of diseases such as adenoma, prostatitis, breast and anal gland tumors;
• the pet becomes balanced, obedient, and does not get into fights.

Among the disadvantages are laziness and a sedentary lifestyle, which results in obesity and related problems. Urolithiasis is also possible. To avoid these manifestations, you should adjust your diet. Anesthesia also carries some risk, especially for older cats. In addition, surgery may be accompanied by complications. It is important that the procedure is carried out by an experienced, qualified and responsible doctor.

Surgical manipulations for the purpose of defertility are prescribed only to healthy males. In veterinary medicine, the following contraindications are identified:

• liver, kidney failure;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• anemia;
• epilepsy;
• respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma;
• exhaustion of the body;
• time before scheduled vaccination 14 days;
• 30 days have not passed from the date of the last vaccination.

In order to minimize risks, veterinarians do not recommend castrating cats younger than 7 months and older than 8 years.

At what age should a cat be spayed?

A cat can be sterilized at any age, but the ideal age for its owner is considered to be 7-9 months. Since cats have an induced type of ovulation, i.e. without stimulation, which occurs in a cat during copulation with a cat, the follicle will not burst and the egg will not come out of it, as a result, this will lead to the development of a vesicle (cyst), and when there are many of them, to polycystic disease. Sterilizing your cat at an early age will prolong the life of your pet.

We often hear the question from cat owners: is it possible to sterilize a cat during estrus?

Practicing veterinarians have different opinions on this. Some believe that it is possible to sterilize an animal, others refer to the fact that a cat that is operated on while in heat will have a more difficult recovery from anesthesia, and the healing of the surgical suture will be more difficult. Based on this, most veterinary clinic specialists recommend that their patients undergo planned sterilization of their pets 2 weeks before the onset of estrus, or 2 weeks after its end.

Advice from experts and owners

According to the advice of veterinarians, castrating a male is safe, quick and with virtually no consequences. Modern clinics offer excellent conditions for the procedure. The operation takes place within 10-15 minutes, complications are rare.

If this procedure is not carried out, the cat will mark the territory, thereby damaging the owners’ personal belongings and furniture. The way out of the situation is to send the cat for a walk outside and find the cat yourself or bring the pair home. In this case, there is a risk of a fight, as well as other negative consequences.

Owners of mustachioed pets who have undergone castration are advised to resort to the procedure. If the animal is a pet and practically never goes outside, there is no point in torturing it.

Where is the best place to sterilize a cat?

It is best to carry out cat sterilization surgery at home. Fortunately, there are a large number of such advertising services from veterinary clinics and private practicing veterinarians. When sterilizing at home in a familiar environment for the cat, your cat is not exposed to additional stress. You are freed from all the difficulties associated with transporting your cat to the veterinary clinic and back. All this will have a positive impact on the cat’s postoperative rehabilitation. But still, most cat owners carry out sterilization in veterinary clinics, where the doctor has more opportunities to cope with any unforeseen complications during the operation.

Reasons for castration of cats

• control over the population of the species (prevents pregnancy of cats);
• reduces hormone-related aggression (territorial master);
• reduces the chance of getting injuries and abscesses, as well as becoming infected with the FIV and FeLV viruses and transmitting them to other cats;
• prevents testicular cancer;
• the absence of a hormonal call to search for the opposite sex limits movement around the territory and the likelihood of going missing or getting hit by a car;
• reduces the smell of urine in the house;

Preparing a cat for surgery

• A few days before surgery, the cat needs to be dewormed for helminthic infestation.
• Before sterilization, you must keep your cat on a 12-hour fasting diet.
• Your cat must be clinically healthy.
• A month before surgery, the cat should be vaccinated against feline infectious diseases common in the area. Since when you visit a veterinary clinic, where you usually go with sick animals, your immunity weakened by the operation, you can catch some kind of infection.

Information about the operation - cat sterilization

Let's look at the most common cat sterilization operation.

Total ovariohysterectomy. Before the operation begins, the veterinarian saves a small area of ​​fur on the right side, then treats the surgical field. Through a small incision 3-5mm long, the uterus and ovaries are removed and then completely removed. After the operation, several stitches are placed on the skin. With this method, the operation is practically bloodless and less traumatic for the animal. The operation is performed under general anesthesia and is painless for the cat.

Caring for a cat after sterilization

If you had your cat sterilized at a veterinary clinic, then the operated animal may be given to you in a state of anesthesia or slightly recovered. Typically, veterinary specialists hand over the operated animal in a postoperative blanket or protective collar, which can protect the postoperative sutures from licking. If your cat is aggressive, then ask the specialists to trim its claws, which will further protect you from its claws during post-operative care.

Usually after surgery, visitors are advised to sit in the veterinary clinic for 30 minutes to ensure that the cat is not bleeding externally from the surgical suture.

In large veterinary clinics, owners of operated animals are given recommendations on the clinic’s letterhead by veterinary specialists on how to care for their cat after surgery.

After the operation, especially in the cold season, you should get to your home as quickly as possible. The operated cat must be placed in a spacious carrier and covered warmly. Under no circumstances should you carry an operated cat home in your hands because... Having recovered from the state of anesthesia, the cat is in an inadequate state and can break out of your hands and start running around the car and causing an accident.

During transportation, as well as when the cat is immobile, it is advisable to place it on its side so that if vomiting occurs, it can come out freely and not cause blockage of the bronchi. Air should flow freely to the cat's nose.

Having arrived home, the cat must be placed in comfortable conditions for it - on soft bedding, wrapped up, the air temperature should be 22-24°C.

If the veterinary clinic did not give you painkillers after the operation, you must give this injection yourself (you cannot give painkillers orally until a normal swallowing reflex appears). Check whether the surgical suture is bleeding. The discharge of ichor from the suture is not dangerous for the animal.

Some cats may be slightly restless and agitated by external stimuli after surgery. This is temporary, so you can leave her in her carrier or in a separate room.

After completely recovering from the state of anesthesia, the cat will try to get rid of the collar or blanket by any means. You should not allow this, if, nevertheless, she manages to do this, she will lick the stitches and the inflammatory process will begin and you will again have to apply a blanket or collar plus an additional course of antibiotics.

When should a cat’s appetite and natural functions be restored?

A sterilized cat's appetite usually returns within the first two days. If your cat’s appetite does not recover for a long period of time, then you need to immediately contact a veterinary clinic. Since lack of appetite indicates some kind of disruption in the functioning of internal organs.

Your cat will usually urinate less in the first days after surgery. The appearance of an increased or decreased amount, or even the absence of urination, indicates disorders in the genitourinary area and requires immediate contact to a veterinary clinic for a thorough examination by a veterinary specialist.

Sometimes some cats may experience constipation, which is usually a reflex. Due to constipation, the cat becomes lethargic, refuses food offered, becomes weak and tends to sleep more. To relieve constipation, veterinary experts recommend taking a laxative to owners. For this purpose, a harmless drug such as petroleum jelly is used for cats in an amount of 5 ml per 5 kg of animal body weight, using it every 8 hours until a positive effect is obtained.

Features of anesthesia, description of types of anesthesia

An important point in the operation is anesthesia. For certain health problems, such as diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is preferable to use local anesthesia. It does not put as much stress on the animal’s body as the general one.

But with local anesthesia, despite the lack of sensitivity in the operated area, additional fixation of the pet is necessary. No cat will like such manipulations. If the animal is young and strong, general anesthesia is chosen. If used correctly, it will not have any negative impact. Before choosing one or another type of anesthesia, you should provide your veterinarian with information about the cat’s past illnesses and chronic diseases.

Methods of administering anesthesia:

1. Intravenous. Most often used. The optimal effect is achieved very quickly, due to blood circulation throughout the body. The animal easily recovers from such anesthesia.
2. Intramuscular.
3. Inhalation. Equipment for such administration of anesthesia is not available in every veterinary office. That is why this method is used quite rarely.

Increase in body temperature after sterilization of a cat

Depending on the body's resistance, some cats may have a body temperature above 39°C in the first 5 days after sterilization. At the same time, an increase in body temperature does not necessarily mean that after visiting the veterinary clinic, your cat has caught some kind of feline infection, or is one of the symptoms of an upcoming surgical infection. The resulting inflammation, accompanied by an increase in the cat’s body temperature to 39.5°C, is normal. If the cat’s body temperature rises much higher, then it is necessary to urgently contact a veterinary clinic.

Healing of surgical suture after sterilization

After sterilization, a few drops of blood or ichor (diluted blood) may appear in the suture area of ​​the cat. If you notice that blood begins to leak in the area of ​​the suture, then to stop it you will only need to apply an ice pack to this place.

After the operation, the suture site may turn red, small bruises may appear under the skin in the suture area, and the skin itself becomes swollen. This should not worry you, as it is a sign of inflammation - a response to surgical trauma. By the 5th day after the operation, all this will pass, but if the skin at the incision site remains wet, then you will need to contact a veterinarian, or if it is not possible to treat this area with antibacterial ointment (Levomekol). If the cat's seam is dry, then everything is fine.

General information

Historically, the term “castration” refers exclusively to the procedure of physically “removing” the testes from the scrotum. But in fact, this interpretation is incorrect. It would be more correct to say that castration is a procedure that allows you to temporarily or permanently suppress a cat’s libido, reduce or completely eliminate the process of spermatogenesis. But the ways in which this is achieved can be very different. In “classical” cases, the testes are actually excised, but today gentle methods of castration of cats are increasingly used, in which conventional surgical intervention is no longer required.

Until recently, all types of castration were exclusively surgical and were divided into open (bloody) and closed (bloodless) methods. Today the classification has become wider. There are surgical and medical methods.

Many experts believe that castration should be divided into the following types:

• Surgical. As in previous times, it is divided into two subtypes - closed and open.
• Medication. Most often, this method is used for temporary castration of cats. To ensure that the animal does not pay attention to cats for some time, an implant is surgically implanted under its skin, which gradually releases special chemicals that inhibit the production of sex hormones and, accordingly, spermatogenesis.
• Chemical method. In this case, drugs are injected directly into the testes to promote atrophy of the glandular tissue of the organ. Let us note that this method is either not used in our country at all, or is used in extremely rare cases.
• Radiation castration. As the name suggests, the testes are irradiated by a source of gamma radiation. The cells responsible for spermatogenesis completely die, eventually being replaced by scar tissue.

I would like to note that for some reason detailed classification is not common in domestic veterinary periodicals. Most often, all castration methods are divided into two types: surgical and chemical, and the latter includes both truly chemical methods of sterilization and the radiological variety, as well as medicinal methods. This is not entirely correct and creates unnecessary confusion.