Sodium chloride for cats – how to use the drug correctly?

July 29, 2020

Infusion therapy is one of the most important and widespread methods of maintenance therapy in cats and dogs, used for a very wide range of diseases and pathological conditions.

In veterinary practice, the method consists of introducing medicinal solutions (usually subcutaneous or intravenous) into the body. It is used for violations of water-electrolyte, acid-base balance.

Patient preparation

Intravenous administration of any drug always requires additional preparation. The Sodium Chloride dropper does not work on an empty stomach or shortly after eating.

Before you start using the solution, you should definitely visit the restroom to avoid a situation where you need to interrupt the procedure. During the administration of the medication, the nurse repeatedly approaches the patient to monitor blood pressure levels and visually inspect the general condition.

All components used during the procedure must be in individual sterile packaging. To check that the needle is inserted correctly into the vein, the solution is first injected very slowly; if everything is done correctly and the medicine enters the blood and not under the skin, then the required speed for this solution is set.

Dropper components

Causes

Most often, lack of water in cats is caused by eating disorders - vomiting and diarrhea, resulting from intoxication caused by:

• bacterial or viral infection, as well as the presence of parasites in the digestive tract;
• intestinal obstruction;
• diseases of the liver and pancreas;
• tumors in the gastrointestinal tract;
• consumption of stale and poisoned food;

Other causes of dehydration include:

• a small amount of water to drink, especially when the animal consumes dry food;
• food allergies, moreover, it can be both to natural products and to store-bought formulations for cats;
• individual reaction of the body to certain veterinary drugs;
• excessive blood loss after injuries;
• recent surgical operations, as well as painful diagnostic procedures;
• stress, including from a long journey in a closed “carrying”;
• high body temperature due to pathologies or overheating of the animal;
• refusal to drink, which most often happens due to nausea, and also because the water in the bowl is stale;
• polyuria (excessive urine production) caused by various pathologies;
• diseases of endocrine organs.

The cat must have constant access to clean water

On a note! There are often cases when a cat suffers from a persistent lack of moisture in the body just because the owner has placed a bowl of water in an inconvenient place. The animal's access to drink should be easy and free.

Unforeseen circumstances or what to do if something goes wrong

The most common reason for panic is that a cat is lethargic, sleepy, and boring after an IV drip. Ideally, this shouldn’t happen, but don’t panic – this is normal. If you have never been given a drip, it is difficult to understand, but during the infusion process and for several hours after, the animal experiences internal pressure, similar to languor after a long, hot, hard day, and drowsiness in this state is predictable. Lack of appetite cannot be called normal; the main thing is that the cat drinks (milk, broth, water with glucose).

The cat vomits during or after an IV. Depending on what you vomit, if it’s food you recently ate, don’t panic. Bile, green mucus or foam - observed in liver dysfunction and kidney failure - see a doctor!

Important! If Calcium Chloride is administered incorrectly, necrosis will begin on the affected soft tissues; the condition is acute, but can be stopped with timely help. Teaching a dog to fetch a stick in 3 simple steps

Teaching a dog to fetch a stick in 3 simple steps

Chinese cat Li Hua: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon

In what cases is a subcutaneous drip needed?

The introduction of solutions into the body bypassing the mouth (subcutaneously or intravenously) makes it possible to eliminate dehydration in case of rapid and large fluid losses (vomiting, diarrhea, high fever, refusal to drink).

When a dog or cat is vomiting, there is no point in drinking; anyway, the water will not reach its destination, but will only cause harm and make the vomiting worse.

The drip is also useful if you need to quickly remove toxins from the body. Now, in the spring, dogs often become infected with piroplasmosis; during this disease, many metabolic products are formed. At the same time, the load on the kidneys increases significantly, and if there is still vomiting or diarrhea, it will become very bad.

During a long-term refusal of food, the animal can be supported by subcutaneous injection of carbohydrates - a glucose solution.

Friends, a subcutaneous drip is not a panacea for a sick dog and it is not the best treatment method, but it will help in difficult situations when there is no other alternative, so it is worth remembering this technique.

That's all for now, until we meet again, veterinarian Sergey Savchenko was with you.

Unfortunately, most of us have had to deal with illness in a pet. The animal will not say what and where it hurts, so it often comes to the veterinarian in critical condition. The fastest and most effective way to administer the necessary medication to a patient is through infusion therapy. Therefore, the doctor often uses droppers to quickly help the animal and alleviate the symptoms of the disease.

Treatment with IVs

often used to administer antibiotics or saline. Usually the treatment is scheduled for several days, that is, one procedure is not enough. If it is not possible to visit the veterinarian every day for the procedure, then an IV is placed at home.

Intravenous infusion

The most common and most preferred option for introducing solutions into the body, usually called a “dropper”. It is used for cats and dogs in serious condition, with rapid and severe dehydration, acute diseases and in other cases. Allows you to administer a given amount of solution per unit of time, including for a very long time, for many hours, does not cause discomfort to the animal, and is painless for it.

Injected drugs quickly enter the body and are distributed throughout it. However, at the same time, intravenous infusion requires constant monitoring of the patient’s condition, often requires a long stay in the hospital of a veterinary clinic, and access to the venous bed is required. To carry out such an infusion, the patient is given an intravenous catheter, with which he will need to walk all the time until there is no longer a need to administer solutions and medications, and change it every 5 days. The solution can be administered either using a dropper (generally, such a dropper is needed for a large dog that needs a large volume of liquid), or using an infusion pump - a device that ensures the administration of a strictly defined amount of solution per unit of time.

Sometimes solutions and drugs can be administered not by drip, but by stream - directly with a syringe into an intravenous catheter; this method is used if the patient needs to receive only drugs, and not a large volume of solutions.

Are there any restrictions?

To prevent saline solution from leading to serious complications in a cat, you need to know how and when to use it. Veterinarians strictly prohibit the use of the drug in pets that have excess sodium in their blood. Saline solution is also contraindicated in pets with cerebral or pulmonary edema, which can cause complications or death.

It is equally important to strictly follow the dosage prescribed by the specialist. If owners inject the cat with more solution than required, the following consequences are likely:

• overhydration, characterized by an increased volume of water in the blood;
• acidosis;
• decrease in potassium concentration.

In what cases is it used?

It is allowed to administer the drug into the animal’s body through a dropper system.
It is possible to inject saline into a pet subcutaneously, and also give intravenous injections. The instructions for use indicate that sodium chloride can be dropped into the cat's nose, thus performing rinsing. If a kitten or adult feline lacks sodium chloride, the veterinarian will prescribe a drip with saline. Indications for use of the drug are the following pathological conditions in a pet:

• dehydration associated with prolonged diarrhea, vomiting or burns;
• a sharp decrease in the amount of fluid in the cat’s body due to severe bleeding;
• rehabilitation period after surgery;
• signs of intoxication;
• state of shock;
• inflammatory reactions in the cat's body.

Examination before use

As a rule, the doctor does not just prescribe sodium chloride. Before the appointment, an external examination of the patient should be carried out, which will make it clear the complexity of the situation.

First of all, the doctor pays attention to the condition of the skin and the presence of shortness of breath. The next step is to survey chronic diseases such as kidney and heart failure.

In order to exclude anemia and increased levels of sodium, chlorine and potassium ions, the patient is sent for a laboratory test, as a result of which blood is taken from a finger for a general analysis and taken from a vein for a biochemical study. A general urine test is also prescribed, which determines the density and presence of ions leaving the body.

After conducting visual and laboratory examinations, the doctor makes a decision on whether to prescribe or refuse manipulations. In public clinics, as well as upon admission to a hospital, all of the above actions are provided to the patient free of charge.

If a person wants to speed up the process and avoid wasting time, you can always turn to a private clinic for help.

Stages and signs of dehydration

There are three forms of dehydration, each of which is characterized by a specific set of symptoms.

Table Gradual development of dehydration in cats

Only a veterinarian can save a cat in the final stages of dehydration.

On a note! When dehydration rapidly progresses and reaches 15-20%, the cat may die within 24 hours. To save the animal, urgent veterinary care will be required, which is only possible in an animal clinic.

Components and mechanism of action

The main component of the drug is chloride, through which the acid-base balance is maintained in the pet’s body. The active substance also participates in the synthesis of hydrochloric acid, due to which the processing of proteins is normalized. Another component of the saline solution is sodium, which is responsible for the amount of fluid and is able to stabilize the cat’s metabolism. In veterinary medicine, a combination of saline solution and 5% glucose is often used, since thanks to this mixture it is possible to remove toxins and not damage tissues. The solution is colorless and slightly salty in taste. You can purchase bottles of 100-500 ml at a veterinary pharmacy. If your pet needs emergency first aid and there is no saline solution on hand, you can prepare it yourself at home. To do this, mix salt with water.

Medicines for animals > Sodium chloride / Saline solution (isotonic solution 0.9%)

The information posted on this page is for informational purposes only and cannot be used for self-medication!

Short description:

Sodium chloride is an essential component of blood plasma and tissue fluid. It maintains constant osmotic pressure in the internal environment of the animal body. With a slight deficiency of this component, the blood thickens, and with a significant deficiency, a spasm of smooth muscles develops, the function of the circulatory and nervous systems is disrupted. A 0.9% solution of Sodium chloride is called isotonic or physiological, since it is in this concentration that it is necessary to maintain the acid-base balance of the body. Sodium chloride also has detoxifying properties without irritating animal tissue. This drug thins the mucus in the lungs and facilitates the process of removing the latter. Sodium chloride solution increases the volume of fluid circulating in the vessels. But the introduction of this medicine has only a temporary effect, so in case of shock and large blood loss, its use does not have a significant effect. In such cases, veterinarians additionally prescribe the animals the administration of various plasma-substituting solutions (enterodes, hemodez, polyglucin, etc.).

The use of sodium chloride is indicated for animals in various postoperative conditions, toxic dyspepsia, certain types of dehydration (resulting from burns, vomiting, diarrhea and other pathological conditions), bleeding, and intoxication. This drug is also used in the complex treatment of metritis, vaginitis, and stomatitis. It is used to dissolve certain medications.

Leave form:

the medicine is available in the form of a sterile, clear liquid that has a salty taste and is intended for

Source

Glucose is an easily digestible source of valuable nutrition that increases the body's energy reserves and improves its functions.

pharmachologic effect

Glucose is used as a means for detoxification (removing toxins from the body) and rehydration (replenishing fluid losses).

An isotonic glucose solution 5% is used to replenish fluid in the body. Also, this glucose solution is a source of nutrients, the metabolism of which in the tissues releases a large amount of energy, which is necessary for the full functioning of the body.

There are also hypertonic glucose solutions (10-40%), intravenous administration of which can increase the osmotic pressure of the blood, improve metabolism and antitoxic functions of the liver, and increase the flow of fluid directed from the tissues into the blood.

In addition, the use of a hypertonic glucose solution promotes vasodilation, increased contractility of the heart muscle and an increase in urine volume.

As a general tonic, glucose is used for chronic diseases that are accompanied by physical exhaustion.

The detoxification properties of glucose are due to its ability to activate the liver’s functions to neutralize poisons, as well as a decrease in the concentration of toxins in the blood as a result of an increase in the volume of circulating fluid and increased urination.

Indications for use of Glucose solution

Glucose can be used to prepare solutions of drugs for intravenous administration, as well as as a component of anti-shock and blood-substituting fluids.

Mode of application

Glucose 5% can be introduced into the body in any way (intravenously, subcutaneously, into the rectum), since its osmotic pressure corresponds to the osmotic pressure of the blood. G

Source

Indications for infusion therapy

There are many indications for the use of infusion therapy. Conditions in which its use is indicated are:

• dehydration. Diarrhea, vomiting, impaired excretion of fluid by the kidneys and other conditions can cause intense loss of water by the body, which does not have time to be replenished. In this case, the animal is advised to administer large volumes of solutions to compensate for the rapid loss of fluid;
• shock. In a state of shock, the patient needs urgent administration of large volumes of crystalloids, colloids or other solutions to fill the space inside the vessels and increase insufficient blood circulation;
• surgical intervention. When an animal is under anesthesia during surgery, the normal processes for maintaining a constant internal environment are disrupted. A dropper for a cat or dog is necessary to restore normal venous circulation, replenish the lack of fluid that occurs during an operation during which the animal cannot drink, and correct the effects of drugs used for anesthesia;
• intoxication. With vomiting and diarrhea, the body loses a large amount of fluid, as well as a number of electrolytes, such as chlorides, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, in addition, the absorption of water and minerals in the intestine is impaired, which also leads to dehydration, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, etc. . In addition, in case of poisoning and infectious diseases, the intake of large amounts of water contributes to a more rapid elimination of toxic substances that have entered the body or formed as a result of the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms;
• injuries of various nature. Injuries often result in significant blood loss, and fluid resuscitation is known to be a safe method of restoring fluid volume in the body. This method was used before the advent of reliable blood transfusion techniques, is still widely used and in some cases can give very good results;
• disruption of the supply of nutrients to the body. If for some reason the animal is not able to eat on its own, so-called “parenteral” (intravenous) nutrition is used, designed to enable the body to receive the necessary nutrients;
• violation of the quantity and ratio of vital substances in the body. In a number of diseases, the composition of the internal environment may change; in this case, infusion therapy should help replenish the missing amount of necessary substances or restore their balance by introducing a substance that has the opposite effect.

Thus, we can say that the introduction of solutions into the body is indicated for the treatment of a very wide range of diseases: infectious (to replenish lost fluid and electrolytes and remove toxic compounds), chronic (to normalize the balance of substances that make up biological fluids), injuries, intoxications, etc. .d.

Sodium chloride for cat poisoning

Sodium and chlorine are important and are found in almost all foods and feeds. Reacting to form a salt

If there is a deficiency of this substance in the body, it is administered in the form of a solution subcutaneously. Sodium Chloride for cats and kittens is used to ensure the normal functioning of all body systems. A description of the properties of the drug can be found in the instructions.

Indications for use

Saline solution is freely sold in pharmacies and is most often used intravenously. The veterinarian selects the dosage depending on the cat’s weight.

The drug is prescribed for:

• dehydration due to diarrhea, vomiting, or burns;
• loss of large amounts of fluid as a result of severe bleeding;
• recovery after surgery;
• intoxication;
• state of shock;
• inflammation.

If there is a lack of sodium chloride in the body, the veterinarian will prescribe an injection solution.

Terms of use

It is better to give subcutaneous infusions to a cat using drip systems, this will be more convenient for the owner and the pet itself.

A Sodium Chloride dropper for a cat should be placed according to all the rules:

• the solution is used warm and administered slowly;
• It is unacceptable for air to enter the cat’s vein;
• the kitten must be supervised to avoid consequences.

The main stages of setting up an IV:

• First you need to properly prime the infusion system.
• The cat is placed on its side on a flat, soft surface.
• The catheter is unbandaged and washed with a solution of hepatrin and sodium chloride.
• The catheter cap is unscrewed and the drip system cannula is attached to it.
• Open the clamp, adjust the rate of introduction of the solution (20 drops per minute)
• The drugs are injected into the IV with a syringe and a needle through an elastic band.
• After completing the process, the clamp is closed, the cannula is disconnected, and the cap is screwed on.
• Having opened the top valve, the catheter is washed and rolled up.

It will take approximately 2 hours to administer 100 ml of saline solution.

Sodium Chloride is administered subcutaneously to the cat 1-2 times a day using a 0.6 ml syringe or whatever is more suitable for the cat. The solution is injected quickly in one stream.

When administered correctly during treatment, no side effects occur.

The benefits of Sodium Chloride for cats are significant; recovery occurs within a few days.

If there is an increased concentration of sodium in the blood, swelling of the brain or lungs, the drug is prohibited for use.

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Subcutaneous infusion of Sodium Chloride to a cat

Hello! Chronic renal failure. We completed a course of intravenous drips for 7 days. Creatinine began to drop.

How to make hypodermic drips?1) Is it possible to stick a needle and connect different syringes to it? (so as not to poke 5 times) (20 ml syringe and 100 ml should be injected.)

2) Is it possible to infuse 100 ml at a time?

Thank you. So is it safe to leave the needle in the cat? Will no air get in?

How can I use a syringe (from which a needle is in a cat) physical. collect the solution? Can you draw saline solution without a needle?

What needle do you use for infusions with a 50 ml syringe? Is that why you insert the needle?

My neck cramped during intravenous infusion through a catheter in the clinic.

Hello! We did IV drips for 7 days - saline solution + medications (Gordox, Eufillin, Heptral, Omez (sometimes Acyloc), Gamavit)

And now for the 3rd day I have been doing just a saline solution subcutaneously in a volume of 60-80 ml per day. I pour it in one go quickly through a dropper under the withers. Is it worth doing this or is it better to go on IV again?

Blood was donated 4-5 days ago. Creatinine 350. Urea 14.5

You can inject the solution subcutaneously not with syringes, but with a drip system: stick the needle into the cat once and pour in as much as you need (at any speed). You can also use syringes; whoever is more comfortable does so.

Of course, it’s better not to do this, but it’s not fatal.

Subcutaneous infusion

Subcutaneous infusion can be given to cats and dogs that do not require large volumes of fluid; Not suitable for large animals, dogs and cats that are in serious condition and have severe dehydration. Typically recommended for subacute conditions and chronic diseases. Only solutions that do not irritate tissue are injected subcutaneously.

The solutions are administered using a large-volume syringe and an injection needle (usually a butterfly needle) into the space between the skin and the underlying tissues, usually in the withers area. A swelling forms at the site of injection of the solution; when touched, you can feel the liquid under the skin. Over the course of several hours, as the body consumes the missing substances, the swelling decreases and then disappears altogether.

Preventing dehydration

It is easier and simpler to prevent any pathology with preventive measures than to treat and eliminate its consequences. This also applies to dehydration in cats. To prevent your beloved pet from suffering from water deficiency:

• She should be fed only food that her body can best digest. Ideally, this is ready-made food from the store;
• you cannot offer the animal food from your table, as well as foods that can cause allergies;
• the owner must ensure that the cat has free access to a bowl with plenty of cool and fresh water;
• the animal must be vaccinated in accordance with its age and habitat, and also undergo periodic examinations by a veterinarian;
• Pathologies identified in a cat should be treated, strictly following all the doctor’s instructions.

How and what to feed kittens and cats correctly (industrial food)

Attention! The owner must monitor how much the cat drinks per day, as well as control the amount of urine in the tray and the frequency of bowel movements. If the animal does not defecate daily, and the feces are hard and dense, there may be a water deficiency

It is important to monitor the cat’s behavior, as well as its appetite. All deviations, if they are not caused, for example, by weather and character, may indicate disorders in the body

To dispel or confirm doubts, you should show your pet to a veterinarian.

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Before visiting the forum, read the topic: “How to consult a veterinarian correctly,” as well as the list of answers to frequently asked questions, this will help you save your time and get an answer to your question faster

Pay special attention to the document: Symptoms of animal diseases. Perhaps in your situation you cannot expect an answer on the forum, but you need to urgently call a doctor or take the animal to a veterinary clinic!

Before joining the forum, read the following sections, this will help save your time and quickly get an answer to your question:

Attention! Pay special attention to the document “Symptoms of Animal Diseases”. Perhaps in your situation you cannot expect an answer on the forum, but you need to urgently call a doctor or take the animal to a veterinary clinic! 60% of a healthy cat's body is water!

60% of a healthy cat's body is water!

The percentage of water contained in a cat's body is approximately sixty percent.

Three types of dehydration

There are three types of dehydration:

• weak - up to five percent;
• moderate - about five or ten;
• heavy - from ten and more.

Mild dehydration is almost asymptomatic. A slight weakness of the animal looks like simple fatigue after active games or hunting. Therefore, the onset of dehydration is almost impossible to notice.

Sticky saliva indicates moderate dehydration.

During a moderate course, the most striking and characteristic sign is the stickiness of saliva.

In severe cases, the cat is weak, constantly lies down, does not make contact, and refuses food and water. The doctor should determine the reasons. Finding out on your own will only delay time and aggravate the existing disease.

Causes and symptoms of salt deficiency

The daily requirement for cats and kittens is at least 0.3% chloride and 0.2% sodium. In many foods this percentage is even exceeded. If pets eat industrial food regularly, then they should not have a deficiency of chlorine and sodium. However, during prolonged diarrhea or vomiting, animals' bodies lose large amounts of minerals, which can be hazardous to health.

A lack of sodium chloride makes your cat's blood thicker because some of the water is lost and absorbed by the tissues. A significant lack of fluid causes muscle spasms, convulsions, and disruption of the nervous system and blood circulation in the animal. The animal quickly loses weight and suffers from increased gas formation in the intestines. Kittens experience growth retardation and weakness.

In these cases, the cat must be shown to a veterinarian. The specialist will tell you how and how to treat the disease.

How to give an injection

Insert the needle carefully without sudden movements

Each method has its own technique for administering the drug.

Subcutaneous injection

The skin in the area of ​​the shoulder blades should be pinched with your fingers and pulled back

The needle is inserted along the spine at an angle of 45 degrees, being careful not to pierce the skin fold completely. Do not stick the needle in sharply

The skin in this area is quite thick and the needle may bend or break. If you feel strong resistance, slow down the needle insertion. As soon as you feel that the needle is moving freely, inject the medicine.

The skin on a cat's knee is thinner. Also, holding the fold with your fingers, insert the needle at an angle of 45 degrees, trying not to hit the muscle.

In case of infection and abscess formation, the place on the withers is more difficult to treat than on the knee.

With this method and a small volume of the drug, the speed of administration of the drug does not matter. If many injections are prescribed, it is better to alternate injection sites.

Intramuscular injection

With each intramuscular injection, change the paw

To determine the correct location for the injection, place your hand under the cat’s thigh and feel the muscle (it rolls under your fingers). The best place is below the hip joint, approximately in the middle of the muscle. Find the bone with your fingers to determine its location and prevent the needle from getting into it.

The syringe should lie in your hand so that it does not need to be intercepted when administering the medicine. With a sharp movement, insert the needle into the muscle no more than 1 cm, at an angle of 45 degrees. The correct direction of the needle is from the back of the paw.

It is also possible to give an intramuscular injection into the brachialis muscle of the front paw. But it is smaller than the femoral one, so it is a little more difficult to inject into it.

During an intramuscular injection, the medicine is administered slowly - 1 ml over 2-3 seconds, 0.5 ml over one. The larger the volume of medication is administered, the slower it should be done.

The muscle should be relaxed during the injection. If your cat is tense, pet her to calm her down.

The needle is removed immediately after administering the medicine. Only after this can the cat be released. The area of ​​the cat's skin where the injection is given must be healthy.

If a long course of treatment is prescribed, change the paw into which you will inject the medicine each time.

Preparation for the procedure

Before injecting your cat at the withers, you will need to prepare tools and medications. For cowardly and aggressive animals, you need to buy or rent a special restraint from friends. Instead, you can use a brave partner, ready to receive battle wounds from your pet.

Syringe selection

When choosing therapy, the veterinarian discusses in advance the specifics of setting up the injection and choosing tools. If something has escaped your memory, then you should start from the following criteria:

1. Age

   . It is better to inject the kitten at the withers with an insulin syringe. This option is not suitable for a cat that is too fat, since the needle simply will not reach the right place. For babies, a standard needle is partially inserted, and for adult animals – completely.

2. Type of drug

   . Oil solutions quickly clog thin holes, so it is better to abandon the insulin syringe in favor of a larger one (at least 3 ml).

3. Pet timidity

   . When using a thin needle during active resistance, there is a high probability of it bending or breaking.

For smooth and painless administration of the drug, choose instruments with rubber bands on the pistons. Consider not only the volume, but also the size of the needle.

Needle selection

It is better to infuse thick and oily medicines through a needle from large syringes with a well-beveled end. These thick needles are numbered from 18 to 20 and are marked with pink, cream or yellow.

Ordinary liquid preparations can be injected through needles No. 21-24; it is also better to choose a beveled tip. They can be identified by their green, blue, black or purple color.

It is better not to take needles thinner than No. 25 or insulin - the medicine will not flow very quickly, and it is not easy to insert a thin needle under the thick skin of a cat.

For hypodermic drips, a butterfly needle with wing-clamps and a long wire is ideal. It is used if you need to administer 5 ml of medicine or more to an animal. The optimal number is considered to be No. 20-21.

Regardless of the number, give preference to short, about 3 cm, needles. This reduces the risk of a through puncture or scratching the subcutaneous tissue with the tip.

Storage and collection of medicines

The drug is stored at room or sub-zero temperatures, depending on the recommendations specified in the instructions. After storage in the refrigerator, the solution must be warmed to 37 °C. Room temperature is enough, the main thing is not to cross the indicated mark.

Human hands or warm water are suitable for warming. You can also simply leave the medicine on the table for a few minutes.

Make sure the solution is warm before use. Injecting a cat in the withers with the introduction of cold liquid will be painful and may provoke a local reaction.

Always follow your veterinarian's recommendations. Subcutaneous administration of drugs intended for intravenous injection is fraught with burns and necrosis. With a large dosage, it is possible to administer it to several points on the scruff of the neck. This protects against irritation and bruising.

Before taking the medicine, prepare a syringe and ampoule. A blade is used to extract the solution. If there is a special mark, just press on it through a cotton pad. After opening, remove the cap from the needle and carefully insert it into the ampoule. For convenience, tilt the bottle slightly and take the required amount of substance, following the scale.

After successful insertion, lift the needle up and carefully release excess air, pressing on the piston until a small amount of liquid appears. Remove any remaining bubbles by lightly tapping the body.

Will you need a fixer or an assistant?

Brave representatives of the cat family can remain without fixation. The only problem is that the reaction to unpleasant manipulations is always unpredictable, so it’s better to play it safe the first time.

The most reliable means of fixation is a special securing bag. It leaves all 4 paws and the head of the animal open, facilitating access for manipulation. Veterinarians often use it for particularly aggressive clinic visitors.

If you don't have a bag, use the material at hand. Swaddles, blankets and towels work well. They should be tight enough not to allow claws to pass through. Swaddle your pet in cloth, leaving only the head and scruff of the neck outside.

For added safety, find a helper willing to free both hands for you at once. Most often, owners worry more than their pets, so try to calm down and strictly follow the instructions.

dropper for a cat in case of poisoning

Please, please post a list of medications necessary to save the life of a cat in case of poisoning with a potent poison. And if possible, please share your personal experience. Thank you.

in general, in case of poisoning, it is best to give charcoal, bifidumbacterin, what you usually take yourself in case of poisoning, only of course in small doses and do not give food, only water. But in general it’s better to go to the vet, of course,

The first thing you need to give is ENTEROSGEL (sold in a regular pharmacy) - it removes any poison, as good for people as for animals. Activated carbon is rather weak in comparison. For 5 kg of cat weight, 3-4 mg of enterosgel, diluted in boiled water and give it to drink (you can, just conveniently, through a regular syringe, without a needle!). And quickly go to the veterinarian, and they will insert a cotter and give intravenous injections, Essentiale, various cleaning solutions and many many other drugs. And more injections intramuscularly and subcutaneously (from dehydration). I know this, because Roni just finished giving all the injections today and pulled the kotter out of her paw. Tomorrow I’ll tell you about health (in fact, today).

Poisoning is a disease that occurs as a result of the entry into the body of an animal of toxic chemicals and feed, which, if stored improperly or improperly prepared for feeding, acquire toxic properties due to the development of bacterial and fungal flora.

E t i o l o g i . In cats, poisoning can be caused by: 1) pesticides (chemicals used to kill insects and ticks, rodents, and weeds); 2) medications if they are stored carelessly, in case of overdose; 3) carbon monoxide and lighting monoxide.

SIGNS OF DISEASE. In case of poisoning with drugs containing arsenic, copper, phosphorus, salivation, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, convulsions and paralysis of individual muscles are observed. The urine is revealed

Source

Recommended analogues

Saline solution has quite a few contraindications, so it can be used by kittens and cats of any age. But if, for some reason, the veterinarian does not recommend using a veterinary drug, then it is replaced with a drug with a similar effect. Since saline solution is used for various purposes, it has many analogues. For example, you can rinse a cat’s nasal passages with Aqualor. If subcutaneous administration of the product is indicated, then you can replace it with a “Xylate” solution or make a saline solution yourself using water and ordinary salt.

Theory

Anyone who is theoretically savvy can give a cat a subcutaneous injection at home. Even if you have never held a syringe in your hands, there is nothing complicated about this procedure and believe me, everything will work out. Without experience, you should not, or rather, it is strictly prohibited, to do intravenous injections. Drugs that are more or less safe for tissues are injected subcutaneously and intramuscularly, while solutions are injected intravenously, which can burn the skin and muscles, leading to necrosis and sepsis.

When receiving prescriptions from a veterinarian, check what exactly is indicated in the dosage: the active ingredient of the drug or the drug itself. In the second case, you need to clarify in what dosage you need to purchase the medicine. Most drugs do not contain 100% medicine; in other words, they are diluted. In addition, a number of drugs have more accessible analogues, which may differ in dosage.

Subcutaneous administration of the drug is one of the ways to quickly deliver the active substance directly into the animal’s blood. Oral medications are less effective because the medication passes through the digestive system and is absorbed from the intestines. At the same time, with oral administration and overdose, the owner has a chance to correct the problem. If an excessive dose of medication is injected directly under the skin or into a muscle, it will be completely absorbed and the animal will suffer from an overdose.

The next important point is the volume of the administered drug. Sometimes cats are given injections of 5 ml or more. It is not recommended to inject a large volume of liquid into one place, as this can lead to tissue rupture and the formation of lumps. When administering a medicine that burns or causes other discomfort, there is a high likelihood of tissue irritation and inflammation.

Methods of application

Subcutaneous and intravenous administration

In medicine it is now difficult to do without the use of saline solution. It is necessary when administering medications by drip and injection, since any concentrated and powdered drug must be dissolved in saline before use.

It also allows you to preserve plasma volume and maintain water-salt balance. Effective during poisoning, severe swelling, for diluting thick blood.

The solution is most often introduced into the body through an IV or subcutaneous injection. Before administration, you need to warm the solution to 36-38 degrees.

When injecting, it is worth taking into account the characteristics of the patient’s body, his age, weight, amount of lost fluid and missing sodium and chlorine.

The average person needs 500 ml of sodium per day. This is the volume that needs to be entered. If a lot of fluid is lost or severe intoxication is noted, then you can increase it to 3000 ml per day.

For a 1 kg child you need 20-80 ml.

Only a sterile solution is suitable for subcutaneous and intravenous administration.

For rinsing the nasopharynx

Saline solution is considered an inexpensive remedy that is very effective. Sodium chloride helps flush the nasopharynx during colds. After the first use, you can notice a significant improvement in your condition, your nose is cleared of mucus and your runny nose disappears. Washing can be done for allergic rhinitis, to prevent inflammatory processes.

The product is allowed to be used by pregnant and breastfeeding women. It can also be given to infants when taking other medications could be harmful.

The advantage of the solution is that after use the nasal mucosa does not dry out or become injured. You can rinse the nasopharynx several times a day; there are no restrictions on the frequency of use.

The solution can be easily prepared independently at home. To do this you need about 10 g of table salt and 1 liter of boiled water. Strain the solution through cheesecloth and drip it into your nose. It is non-sterile and can be given to children from 3 years old.

To cleanse the stomach and intestines

The solution is effective for severe poisoning. It is used for rectal enemas to stimulate bowel movements. In this case, you will need 3 liters of 9% solution per day. Before use, you need to warm the solution to 36-37 degrees so as not to cause intestinal irritation. An unsterilized solution will do.

It is also used for food poisoning for gastric lavage. Sodium chloride solution is drunk in small sips, after which you need to induce vomiting yourself. For this you only need a sterile solution.

Description of the drug Catozal

Catosal is a complex veterinary drug that stimulates metabolic processes in the animal’s body. The manufacturer of the drug is the American company Bayer (Bayer HealthCare LLC). An increasing number of veterinarians are prescribing Catozal for immunostimulation of cats.

Catozal is a popular immunostimulating drug

Composition of the drug

Catozal (100 cm3) consists of the following components:

• butophosphamide (organic phosphorus compound) - 10 g;
• cyanocobalamin (source of vitamin B12) - 0.005 g;
• methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (flavor E218) - 0.1 g;
• water for injection (excipient).

Butaphosphan stimulates protein production, improves liver function and accelerates bone growth. Under severe stress, this component is able to regulate the level of cortisol (stress hormone). This property promotes the utilization of glucose in the animal’s blood, due to which the metabolism is activated.

Cyanocobalamin accelerates the maturation of red blood cells, and this generally improves the process of hematopoiesis. Cyanocobalamin improves the functioning of the liver and central nervous system, which helps reduce pain. At high concentrations in the blood it can increase the activity of thromboplastin.

Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (methylparaben) is an E218 flavoring agent. The classification is not indicated due to the low level of trust among buyers. Methylparaben is a synthetic methyl ester, but it is not just a “chemical”. Methylparaben has strong antimicrobial properties, so it is added to some medications as a preservative.

Catozal contains 3 active ingredients at once

Release form of the drug Catosal

Catosal is a clear, sterile, pink solution for injection. The solution is released in glass bottles made of brown transparent glass. The volume of the bottles is 100 cm3. Each bottle is closed with a rubber stopper. There is an aluminum cap running over the cork. Previously, these were just aluminum rings, but now there is also a lid on top of the cap (this is convenient, the rubber stopper remains clean for a long time).

Each bottle is placed in a cardboard box along with folded instructions. The bottle has a label with the following information:

• name, addresses and contacts of the manufacturer;
• name and amount of medicine;
• method of administration and inscriptions “Sterile” and “For animals”;
• composition (active ingredients);
• trademark;
• production series, production date and expiration date, etc.

In Russia you can buy a drug with all this data indicated in Russian. The same information is indicated on the box. The original drug Catozal is available in packaging from Bayer. This is a white box with a blue-green design. There must be a manufacturer's logo at the top of the package.

The series and release date are indicated not only on the box, but also on the bottle

Storage conditions of the drug

The best place to store Katozal is in a closed first aid kit. The drug should be in a dry and dark place, it should not be exposed to direct sunlight. The bottle should not be heated; the ideal storage temperature is from 5 oC to 25 oC. The manufacturer recommends storing the medicine in its original packaging.

I keep all my cat medications in one place. In addition to medicines, the first aid kit also contains other necessary things: scissors, bandages, a tourniquet, cotton swabs, etc. This first aid kit is located separately from the human one. If necessary, all the necessary drugs and instruments are at hand. In the first aid kit there is also a notebook with all the instructions for medications (even those that have not been in the first aid kit for a long time). The thing is that sometimes you have to throw away the box, and without instructions for use you can get something mixed up, so I paste all the inserts into this notebook. In addition, I may not be at home, and my husband will provide first aid to the cat, and without detailed instructions this is more difficult to do.

It is more convenient to store all medications for cats in one place

Features of the solution

The drug contains chloride, which maintains the acid-base balance and takes part in the synthesis of hydrochloric acid, which stimulates the processing of proteins. Sodium regulates fluid levels and metabolism.

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Sodium chloride with glucose 5% in medicine belongs to the group of isotonic solutions, because its pressure corresponds to the osmotic pressure of blood plasma. Salt is a component of plasma and other fluids in the body. The drug removes toxins and does not irritate tissues. It is a colorless transparent solution with a salty aftertaste. Packaged in glass bottles of different capacities, from 100 to 500 ml.

Are there any restrictions?

To prevent saline solution from leading to serious complications in a cat, you need to know how and when to use it. Veterinarians strictly prohibit the use of the drug in pets that have excess sodium in their blood. Saline solution is also contraindicated in pets with cerebral or pulmonary edema, which can cause complications or death.

It is equally important to strictly follow the dosage prescribed by the specialist. If owners inject the cat with more solution than required, the following consequences are likely:

• overhydration, characterized by an increased volume of water in the blood;
• acidosis;
• decrease in potassium concentration.

Instructions for use

Any manipulations with the drug must be approved by the attending veterinarian.
Nasal rinsing, subcutaneous administration and other methods of using saline for a cat require prior approval from a veterinarian. In most cases, it is recommended to administer the product using a drip system. When placing an IV, adhere to the following rules:

• The saline solution should be warm and administered slowly.
• Prevent air from entering the cat's vein, which will cause life-threatening complications.
• When performing the manipulation, the pet is monitored by a veterinarian or owner in order to notice changes in its condition in time and take the necessary measures.

It is better to put an IV in a hospital setting. The manipulation is performed in several stages:

The system through which the drug will flow into the animal’s vein must be connected to the catheter.

1. Correctly prime the infusion system.
2. The cat is placed on its left or right side, and the surface should be soft, even and comfortable.
3. The catheter is unbandaged and rinsed with saline solution.
4. Unscrew the cap from the catheter, connecting the drip system.
5. Open the clamp and set the injection rate. 20 drops per minute are recommended.
6. The medicine is injected into the IV using a syringe with a needle.
7. At the end of the manipulation, close the clamp and screw on the cap.
8. Open the top valve, flush the catheter and roll it up.

It takes 2 hours to administer 100 ml of saline to a cat.

You can also rinse your cat’s nose with the drug or use it subcutaneously up to 2 times a day. For the procedure you will need a 0.6 mm syringe, and the solution is injected quickly. If the owner does everything correctly, then the pet feels good and no adverse reactions are observed. The pet recovers after a few days.