Cat bite: first aid, rabies injection, possible consequences

Domestic cats bring owners a lot of positive emotions. However, there are also disappointments, for example, if the pet bites or scratches. In some cases, this entails not only a spoiled mood, but also a threat to health.

• 2 First aid
• 3 When do you need a doctor?

  3.1 Video: doctor about pet bites

Why are cat bites and scratches dangerous?

Often bites and scratches from pets go away without serious consequences. But unfortunately, it happens differently. Any injuries to the skin can lead to serious health consequences, such as:

• suppuration;
• blood poisoning;
• deadly diseases such as tetanus.

Bites and scratches are familiar to all cat owners.

There are symptoms to look out for if you have recently been scratched or bitten by a cat:

• temperature;
• swelling of the hand or other injured area;
• bleeding from the wound does not stop;
• the wound hurts a lot;
• the bite site or scratch began to fester.

If such manifestations occur, you should immediately seek medical help.

Often people delay going to the doctor, hoping that the symptoms will disappear on their own. But you can’t hesitate, since spontaneous recovery is extremely rare, and usually without medical help a person only gets worse.

First aid

In any case, if a cat bites or scratches, you need to immediately treat the wound. This will reduce the risk of complications.

1. Wash the area of ​​the bite or scratch with soap and water, preferably household soap. It will sting, but the cat’s saliva and possible bacteria will be washed away.
2. Treat the wound with 3% hydrogen peroxide or 0.05% chlorhexidine solution.
3. Disinfect the edges of the wound with iodine, brilliant green or alcohol. Try not to get into the wound itself, otherwise a burn may occur.
4. Apply a gauze bandage to the treated area.

After some time, when the bleeding has completely stopped and the wound has dried, you can apply a bandage with antibacterial ointment. This will allow healing to occur faster and reduce the risk of re-injury to the wound. The following are considered effective:

• Miramistin. Prevents inflammation and wound suppuration.
• Rescuer. The balm relieves pain and accelerates scarring of the wound.
• Solcoseryl. It heals scratches well and prevents the formation of scars, but it can only be applied to a dried wound. If there are signs of inflammation and suppuration, do not use.
• Levomekol. Typically used when pus forms. If the injury occurred far from the city, where there is no opportunity to get medical help, and suppuration has begun, you can use this ointment.

Important! All medications must be used strictly according to the instructions, taking into account age, contraindications and other points. Find out also - How to rid a kitten of the habit of biting and scratching its owners.

When do you need a doctor?

As already mentioned, in some cases you will have to consult a doctor. The already mentioned symptoms will be a signal to seek medical help:

• swelling at the site of the bite or scratch;
• swelling of the hand or other bitten limb;
• bleeding that does not stop or renews;
• elevated temperature;
• numbness of the injured area;
• wound suppuration;
• loss of consciousness.

In general, temperature can be a signal from the body to fight bacteria. However, if it is accompanied by swelling, this is always a bad sign. A tumor is a signal that the body cannot cope with an infection (and this could be, for example, dangerous tetanus or pasteurellosis), and it requires help, the type of which only a physician can determine. You cannot self-medicate.

A hand swollen after a cat bite is an alarming symptom

In addition, you cannot avoid going to the doctor if the mobility of the bitten limb is difficult. It is extremely rare, but there are cases when an animal damages tendons with its teeth. In this case, only a surgeon can help.

To get urgent help after a cat bite, if it is impossible to get a number to the local surgeon or it is night outside, you should contact the trauma center.

Even when there are no negative symptoms, you should go to the doctor if the cat that bit or scratched was a stray. In this case, you need to seek help immediately after carrying out primary medical measures. Street animals are always a breeding ground for all kinds of infections, so you will need a rabies vaccination and, possibly, other medical measures at the discretion of the doctor. In principle, pets can also get rabies if they come into contact with other animals, walk on the street, or go to the countryside. You should especially sound the alarm if your cat is drooling or foaming at the mouth (a symptom of rabies) or has bitten for no reason.

A rabid cat cannot be cured, so the pet needs to be vaccinated in advance

The author of the article had a sad experience of hand swelling after being bitten by a domestic cat. Self-medication did not bring results, and on the fourth day I had to go to the emergency room. The doctor treated the wound, gave me an anti-tetanus injection, prescribed antibiotics and gave me a referral for a rabies vaccination. However, at the City Anti-Rabies Center, where vaccination is carried out, the author was reassured: since the cat was born and raised at home, without contact with other animals and without being on the street, there is no danger. In all other cases, vaccination would have to be done.

Video: Doctor talks about pet bites

Treatment

As already mentioned, only a physician can choose the correct treatment. A person can only provide first aid to himself.

Drug therapy

In addition to the necessary vaccinations (against rabies and tetanus), the doctor may prescribe antibiotics:

• antibiotics of the penicillin group;
• doxycycline;
• ceftriaxone;
• fluoroquinol.

Other options are possible; the prescription of antibiotics and their dosage is entirely within the competence of the doctor and depends not only on the symptoms, but also on the age of the patient, his contraindications, and concomitant diseases . Pregnant and lactating women are especially careful when prescribing medications. Only Ceftriaxone is considered relatively safe for them (excluding the first trimester of pregnancy).

Also, for local treatment of suppuration and inflammation, the doctor may prescribe an antimicrobial ointment such as Levomekol. In case of a large accumulation of pus, it may be necessary to clean the wound, and if blood vessels or tendons have been damaged, they may need to be sutured.

Levomekol is prescribed if the wound is infected and begins to fester

Folk recipes

Traditional recipes cannot replace medications, much less vaccinations. However, if the bite occurred far from civilization, in a remote village, where there is no way to seek help, it is worth trying to maintain health in at least this way. You can also use traditional methods in addition to the main treatment, but you must first consult with your doctor.

1. Dried yarrow herb is a folk antibacterial remedy, including one that affects certain types of staphylococci and streptococci. You can take it orally as an infusion (2 tablespoons per glass for an adult) or make compresses on inflamed areas.
2. To relieve swelling, you can make lotions with infusions of chamomile and calendula.
3. To treat the wound, you can use tincture of calendula or chlorophyllipt.
4. Crushed leaves of meadowsweet (meadowsweet) can be applied to the wound, which reduces inflammation.
5. You can apply a compress of plantain leaves to the bitten area (first douse them with boiling water); in winter, you can use dried leaves, after steaming them with a small amount of hot water and cooling them.
6. Cut aloe leaves are a traditional anti-inflammatory remedy and can be applied to the wound.

   To speed up the healing of wounds and scratches, you can lubricate them with aloe juice or apply cut leaves.

What not to do

Illiterate actions not only do not bring a beneficial effect, but can also aggravate the situation and provoke new complications.

If there is an inflammatory process in the tissues, the instructions strictly prohibit doing the following:

1. Warming up. Warm baths, paraffin, or applying a heating pad are strictly prohibited if bacteria are actively multiplying in the tissues and there is an accumulation of pus. Heat, on the one hand, can draw pus out, but more often it increases its amount and spreads the infection to healthy tissue.
2. Opening an abscess yourself. Even if the pus is visible under the skin, you cannot cut the abscess yourself. You still won’t be able to clean the wound properly, but you risk causing an additional infection. This procedure should only be performed by a qualified physician.
3. Application of healing agents. Until the purulent process is eliminated, there is no need to stimulate wound healing, since in this case all accumulations will be “sealed.”

Important! Before making any changes to therapy, as well as using folk remedies, it is recommended to consult your doctor in advance to avoid undesirable consequences.

Possible consequences of bites and scratches

As a result of damage to soft tissues by a cat, infection with the following infections is possible:

• Rabies. The most terrible disease that can be contracted as a result of an animal bite. Usually the incubation period is from 2 to 12 weeks, but sometimes the first symptoms can appear after 5-10 days. Symptoms: headaches and muscle pain, pain in the bitten area, even if it has already healed, fever, fatigue. Then aggression, convulsions, delirium, fear of light and fear of water are added. In the last stage, paralysis occurs. The disease is fatal and has no cure once symptoms appear. The only way to avoid rabies and save your life if bitten by an infected animal is to get vaccinated on time. The standard period is three days from the moment of the bite.
• Tetanus. The second most dangerous disease, which is rare, but can be acquired by a bite or scratch. The incubation period lasts from several days to a month. One of the first symptoms is usually pain at the wound site, even if it has already healed. Other manifestations of the disease: cramps of the masticatory and facial muscles, swallowing disorders, hardness and tension of the neck muscles. In the future, such convulsions spread to the entire musculature, and breathing and heart rhythm disturbances occur. Coma and death are possible. The disease is treated in the intensive care unit.
  Read also:  Grooming cats at home: Types and features of cat hygiene

  A cat's claws and mouth contain a wide variety of microbes.

• Pasteurellosis. A cat can infect this disease without biting, but simply by licking damaged skin. Symptoms appear within 2–12 hours: swelling, redness and tenderness of the bite site, as well as diarrhea. In some cases, pasteurellosis pathogens cause pneumonia or lung abscess, eye infections, meningitis, and sepsis. Treated with antibiotics, the prognosis is favorable if treatment is started in a timely manner.
• Streptococcal infection. Most often, it is streptococci that get into wounds from cat bites. Symptoms appear after a day or more, and include swelling, pain and redness of the bitten area, as well as various chronic inflammations. Treat with antibiotics.
• Staphylococcal infection. Manifestations of staphylococcus infection also occur a day or more after the bite. Redness, swelling, suppuration of the wound, and fever may appear; complications include pneumonia and sepsis. Treated with antibiotics.
• Sporotrichosis. A fungal disease that is quite rare. An infected wound does not heal and the lymph nodes may become swollen. Treated with antifungal drugs.

It is almost impossible to become infected with HIV through a cat bite, since it lives outside the human body for only 8 seconds. For a hypothetical infection to occur, a cat must bite an infected person until the blood bleeds, and then immediately bite a healthy person, also damaging his blood vessels.

There is a disease called cat scratch disease (CSD). Its scientific name is felinosis. Children, elderly people and people with weakened immune systems are most susceptible to the disease. You can become infected through scratches and bites, or through a cat licking damaged skin. The incubation period is from two weeks to three months. Typical symptoms: edema, swelling at the site of the scratch, its suppuration, as well as fever, weakness, and a general painful and broken state. The disease is always accompanied by enlarged lymph nodes; sometimes individual nodes can suppurate. There is an atypical form, characterized by eye damage. Very rarely, felinosis can develop complications: polyneuritis, meningitis, encephalopathy, damage to internal organs. Usually the disease ends in self-healing with the emergence of immunity. In any case, if symptoms occur, you should consult a doctor, since deadly diseases can have similar manifestations.

A typical symptom of felinosis is swollen or suppurated lymph nodes

The listed diseases, in addition to rabies, can also be carried by domestic cats. Since they are carriers, animals often have no symptoms. And they can become carriers of infection after being bitten by fleas, which are able to jump into the apartment even from the landing, or even in childhood, from their mother cat.

If any illness occurs, always tell your healthcare provider about any recent cat bites or scratches. They may be related.

Video: in the Kama region, a teenager died after being bitten by a cat

Possible complications

The most dangerous complication that can occur after an animal bite is blood poisoning. This is possible when the infection gets into the deep layers of tissue. Sepsis can be fatal, so neglecting treatment is not recommended. Another serious complication is infection with tetanus and the rabies virus. Both pathologies are not amenable to therapeutic correction. In addition, tendons and muscles may be injured, resulting in limited motor activity of the affected limb.

Attention! With advanced purulent processes, mandatory drainage and rinsing of the cavity is required. To avoid such a consequence, it is important to begin antiseptic treatment immediately after the incident.

Prevention of bites

Healthy indoor cats usually control the strength of their warning or playful bites. A deep wound from a pet can be obtained in the following cases:

• the cat was angry or hurt;
• the cat was fighting with another animal, and the owner tried to separate them;
• she was offended by something and decided to take revenge on the owner (this is typical of exotic breeds, such as Siamese cats);
• the cat was frightened, for example, by the noise of a vacuum cleaner or water;
• leg bites can occur because the cat is “hunting” or playing (this is typical for young animals); If a person's skin is thin and sensitive, the bite may be painful.

It must be remembered that cats are independent animals that have their own boundaries. Unlike dogs, they do not obey their owner one hundred percent and can show character, so in order to avoid bites, you should not tease the cat or try to play with it when it is not inclined to do so. This is especially true for Siamese cats or those with an admixture of Siamese blood. The author of the article lived with a Thai-Siamese cat for many years, which regularly made quite strong bites, not only on the hands, but also on the face, neck, and legs of the owner. The reason for this could be fear from loud noises, resentment (for example, when the owner was absent for many days) or a bad mood of the pet, which, with the help of bites, tried to protect itself from the advances of a person and show that it was not in the mood to play.

Siamese beauties are often biters

Young children who are in contact with the cat should be closely supervised. By trying to play or cuddle the furry cat, they may unintentionally cause pain to the cat, to which the cat may react with deep bites and scratches.

Based on the above, bite prevention involves proper behavior with your pet, which must correspond to the situation, breed and temperament of the cat. Your cat should also be vaccinated against rabies. This must be done if you plan to take it to nature, if the pet walks on the street or comes into contact with other animals that can carry the disease.

The above is also relevant in order to reduce the risk of deep scratches. If the nails are too long, the cat may cause deep damage to the skin by accident. That's why your pet needs a scratching post. You can also have your nails trimmed by your veterinarian; You can do this yourself, but the procedure is responsible, so it is advisable to learn from an experienced person.

How to Avoid Injury

In order to prevent an attack by a street cat and avoid many associated problems, it is enough to follow simple precautions.

These include the following rules:

• avoid contact with stray animals;
• do not try to pet or pick up the animal, especially if it clearly expresses its displeasure;
• do not touch kittens in front of their mother;
• do not take food from the cat;
• do not show aggression towards the cat;
• Do not expose your arms or legs while playing with the animal;
• do not tease the cat (do not stroke him against the grain, do not pull his whiskers, tail, paws or ears).

You can get more information about outdoor cat bites by watching the video in this article.